Scientific agents for a dynamic Earth

EarthVerse

EarthVerse puts research agents to work on real geoscience and natural-hazard investigations.

Each of its 405 expert tasks starts with one of 199 event packages. The model has to find the right local files, do the required calculations, reconstruct the physical process, and give an answer that can be checked.

405Expert tasks
199Event packages
19Hazard families
6,709Evidence files
Read the paper

19 hazard families / official observations

Earth systems in motion

Select a scene to inspect the corresponding EarthVerse tasks.

Why EarthVerse

From files to defensible earth-system reasoning

01

Package-local evidence

Landsat 8 observation of a wildfire burn scar near Sydney
Landsat 8 observationNASA Earth Observatory

Discover the relevant files inside an isolated event package and retain package-relative evidence references.

02

Multi-step computation

NASA IMERG rainfall accumulation map for the 2018 India floods
IMERG rainfall accumulationNASA Earth Observatory

Run transparent calculations, retain units and intermediate values, and test sensitivity across sources.

03

Physical process reasoning

USGS diagram showing tsunami initiation, propagation, and coastal runup
Initiation to coastal runupUSGS

Reconstruct timing and mechanism, compare competing explanations, and connect observed responses causally.

04

Verifiable outcomes

NOAA post-Hurricane Matthew aerial damage assessment image of the North Carolina coast
Post-storm damage surveyNOAA

Return a structured conclusion whose fields, values, evidence, and reasoning can be independently scored.

405Expert tasks
199Event packages
10,879Atomic answer units
19Hazard families

Inside the dataset / CSX-055

One event, many evidence streams

Every task begins inside an isolated event package. The agent must find the useful sources, connect measurements across formats, and leave a trace from evidence to conclusion.

Seven capability lenses

What the questions demand

Physical mechanism 340 Quantitative calculation 286 Causal chain 214 Spatiotemporal process 158 Multi-source evidence 101 Ranking & decision 67 Remote sensing & geospatial 44
Across the release6,709

deduplicated package-local evidence files spanning reports, tables, archives, rasters, imagery, and catalogs.

EarthVerse, end to end

Built to test investigation, not recall

EarthVerse evaluates the complete path from an unfamiliar event package to a defensible scientific conclusion. Evidence choice, calculations, mechanism reasoning, and the final answer remain inspectable.

01

Isolated context

Package-scoped investigation

Each task starts from a bounded local event package rather than an answer-bearing prompt.

Prevents web recall and hidden cross-task leakage
02

Evidence selection

Autonomous evidence discovery

The model lists, searches, reads, and prioritizes files before it can form a conclusion.

Measures retrieval quality and exploration discipline
03

Scientific work

Transparent computation

Formulas, units, windows, intermediate values, and source differences remain in the trace.

Separates numerical reasoning from plausible prose
04

Earth-system inference

Competing mechanism analysis

Tasks require temporal reconstruction, causal links, and rejection of weaker explanations.

Tests whether evidence supports the claimed process
05

Scoring contract

Traceable answer units

Structured fields and task-specific rubrics score both conclusions and their reasoning paths.

Supports reproducible task-level error analysis

Scientific breadth

EarthVerse across a changing Earth

The release connects 19 hazard families with 7 capability lenses across 6,709 evidence files and 10,879 answer units, grounded in documented events rather than synthetic scenarios.

Water cycleExtreme rainfall · river and coastal flood · tropical cyclone · atmospheric river
AtmosphereSevere storm · heat · cold · drought · dust · air quality · climate modes
Solid EarthEarthquake and tsunami · volcano · landslide · cascading hazards
Land, ice & oceanWildfire · cryosphere · marine heatwave · agricultural stress

Why the tasks are difficult

Research questions with inspectable paths

Representative tasks require more than extracting a reported number. The model must decide what to inspect, construct intermediate quantities, and defend a process-level interpretation.

Observe / measure / explain

Observing a dynamic Earth

EarthVerse connects orbital measurements, rapid-response imagery, and instrumented field observations into one traceable reasoning process.

Landsat 8 view of Mayon volcano with an infrared lava heat signature
01 / Orbital forcingThermal signals reveal an active volcanic process.NASA Earth Observatory ↗
NOAA aerial damage assessment over Horseshoe Beach after Hurricane Idalia
02 / Rapid assessmentPost-event imagery resolves damage at neighborhood scale.NOAA ↗
USGS monitoring instrument deployed on the Oso landslide
03 / Field constraintGround instruments preserve motion and seismic context.USGS ↗

Published results

Leading systems

Strict score is the percentage of tasks where at least 95% of required answer units are correct.

Event package file

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